Probable nexus between Methane and Air Pollution in Bangladesh using Machine Learning and Geographically Weighted Regression Modeling

This paper investigates the probable nexus between methane (CH4) and air pollutants, a public health hazard in Bangladesh. The hypothesis considers that concentration of CH4 is dependent on ten pollutants found five districts Dhaka Division, major urban industrial area These are: Particular matters (PM2.5), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxide (NOx), Aerosol optical thickness (AOT), Sulfur (SO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Black carbon (BC), Formaldehyde (HCHO) Dust. study applies Machine Learning (ML) technique Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Modeling. Temporal datasets from Sentinel-5P sensor are classified to estimate annual during 2019-2021.Seven supervised classifiers ML coupled with GWR model used predict statistical spatial relationships. increases gradually 2018-2021 Dhaka, Gazipur, Munshiganj Districts. It relates differently various e.g., positively BC, Dust, NO2, PM2.5, O3, AOT, negatively NOx, CO, HCHO, SO2.This results Rational quadratic (RMSE-0.001, MAE-0.001, R2-0.96), Random Forest (RMSE-0.004, MAE-0.003, R2-0.91), Stepwise regression (RMSE-0.002, MAE-0.002, R2-0.87) suitable method ML. highest goodness-of-fit (R2) 82%-96% Narshingdi key findings may help formulate appropriate action plan mitigate ongoing future pollution In addition, methodology research be applicable elsewhere nationally internationally for research.